1. Design and Planning

• Playing area dimensions:
  • 16 m (length) x 8 m (width) — standard playing area.
  • Additional safety zone: At least 3 m on each side.
  • Total area: approximately 22 m x 14 m should be.
• Note: In international competitions, the safety zone is wider (up to 5 m).
• Net Height:
  • For men: 2.43 m
  • For women: 2.24 m

2. Site Preparation

• The existing soil layer is excavated to a depth of 40–50 cm.
• A drainage system (gravel layer + drainage pipes) is placed so rainwater drains quickly.
• Slope is given (0.5% slope — for water to flow to the sides).

3. Drainage System Installation

• Bottom layer: 10–15 cm of gravel (crushed stone).
• Drainage pipes are placed (especially in large areas).
• Geotextile fabric is laid on top of the gravel — to prevent sand from flowing through.

4. Sand Layer Construction

• 30–50 cm thick, special clean, granular, coarse-grained sand is spread.
• Sand:
  • Must be cleaned (no stones, mud, or algae).
  • Must not be dusty or fine-grained (to prevent hardening).

5. Equipment Installation

• Volleyball net and posts (made from stainless material).
• Posts are firmly secured to the ground (with concrete or special installation bases).
• There must be elastic tension systems along the sides of the net.

6. Lighting (Optional)

• UV-resistant projectors for night games (LED-based).
• Approximately 4 posts at 8–10 m height.

7. Additional Technical Requirements

• Sand grain size: 0.5 mm – 2 mm is considered ideal.
• Sand thickness: Minimum 30 cm (40–50 cm for professional competitions).
• Drainage systems: Water should not accumulate under the sand after heavy rain.
• Net material: Must be resistant to UV rays and moisture.

Conclusion

If the court is not properly prepared:

• Sand can settle or harden (playing quality decreases).
• In rain, the court fills with water and becomes unusable.
• If the net is not properly tensioned, problems may occur during play.